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Historic Masonry Ontology

Modified on: 2024-04-02
This version:
https://w3id.org/hmo/0.1
Latest version:
https://w3id.org/hmo#
Revision:
0.1
Issued on:
2024-04-02
Authors:
Maria Laura Leonardi
Stefano Cursi
Elena Gigliarelli
José Granja
Daniel Oliveira
Miguel Azenha
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License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0
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Cite as:
Maria Laura Leonardi, Stefano Cursi, Elena Gigliarelli, José Granja, Daniel Oliveira, Miguel Azenha. Historic Masonry Ontology. Revision: 0.1. Retrieved from: https://w3id.org/hmo/0.1
Ontology Specification Draft
Abstract

Abstract

Masonry is a heterogeneous and orthotropic material consisting of units and joints. In the case of large models, especially for rather complex historical masonry, structural modelling is carried out by attributing the mechanical characteristics of a uniform, isotropic equivalent material to the walls.

Homogenised mechanical properties can be assessed directly through strategies such as experimental tests or sophisticated homogenisation procedures. When a detailed analysis is not feasible, a visual method is employed to determine the masonry quality (Masonry Quality Index) and derive mechanical parameters. The Italian Standard and the Eurocode also provide reference masonry types and pre-defined mechanical parameter values.

The Historic Masonry Ontology (HMO) aims to represent the historic masonry material by considering its heterogeneous nature and defining the configuration of units and joints in the wall. The proposed namespace is https://w3id.org/hmo#, with the preferred prefix hmo.

The ontology includes reference masonry types and their mechanical parameters, together with a set of SWRL rules to deduce masonry quality and mechanical parameters for any other masonry type. The ontology is designed to be used with other existing ontologies and as a semantic enrichment of Building Information Modeling models, offering a wide range of applications in the field of construction and historic preservation.

Introduction

Introduction

To represent historical masonry in a comprehensive manner, it is necessary to consider the geometry of its components. In literature, the so-called rule of art is used to define those empirical rules, which have been followed over the centuries to create resistant masonry. The use of a visual technique to define masonry quality is based on analysing how much a masonry wall complies to the ‘rule of the art’.

Ancient masonry is distinguished first and foremost by the number of layers on its cross section. The masonry considered in the Italian standard, for which the mechanical reference values are present, is two-layer masonry. These parameters can be adapted when the masonry has an inner core. Generally, the inner core constitutes an element of weakness, as it is a coarser material. Furthermore, in masonry layers, it is not only the arrangement of the elements in the layers that is important, but also the level of connection between them. An adequate level of connection occurs when there are 'headers', i.e. the presence of units arranged transversally in the wall. Layers are modelled in the ontology proposed.

In the context of modeling an equivalent homogeneous and isotropic material, literature refers to the Representative Volume Element (RVE). The RVE is a portion of the wall which can represent its entireness, and it is equivalent to a homogenised material. The RVE represent all the layers of the wall, and can be describe, from the morphological point of view, from the presence of one or more pattern. A pattern is a portion of an RVE that has repetitive characteristics, i.e. units and joints that distinguish it and that are present in a dominant (more than 50 per cent) or scarce (less than 50 per cent) manner. A pattern in a RVE can be located in a specific layer of the wall.

The mechanical characteristics taken into account by the standard are: compressive strength, shear strength, shear modulus, young modulus, and mass density. Then, other properties can be derived from these initial ones, based on the modeling assumption chosen (e.i. type of failure assumed, type of discretisation). The base mechanical properties are included in the ontology.

A RVE can be classified based on the Masonry Quality Index (MQI). MQI is evaluated using 7 parameters: units shape, units dimension, units mechanical properties, mortar quality, wall leaves connections, joints verticality and joints horizontality. MQI is evaluated for different loading conditions: vertical, in plane and out of plane. From MQI is possible to evaluate compressive strength, shear strength, shear modulus, young modulus.

Historic Masonry Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

SWRL Rules

Description

Description

In the HMO ontology, the following classes are modelled to describe the general morphology of the masonry: hmo:MasonryWall, hmo:MasonryLayer, hmo:RepresentativeVolumeElement, hmo:Pattern, hmo:PatternEntities. In detail, as subclasses of hmo:PatternEntities, hmo:Units and hmo:Joints allows to model units and joints. Joints can also be modelled more in detail, using the classes hmo:HorizontalJoints and hmo:VerticalJoints. This distinction allows the characterisation of specific joints features (horizontality and staggered features). The beo ontology is used to define that a hmo:MasonryWall is a subclass of a beo:Wall, to guarantee connection between the HMO and IFC models. Similarly, the mat ontology is used to define that a hmo:RepresentativeVolumeElement can be considered, in an IFC model, as a material to attribute to a wall.

The mechanical properties are all modelled as classes, and particularly as subclasses of hmo:HomogeneisedMechanicalProperty. The mechanical properties proposed are hmo:CompressiveStrength, hmo:TensileStrength, hmo:ShearModulus, hmo:YoungModulus, hmo:ShearStrenghtTC, hmo:ShearStrenghtMC. An rdfs:description is associated with each class, to provide a detailed definition of each property. The saref ontology is used to associate the value of the parameter to the classes, and to clarify the units of measurement.

Object properties are employed to relate the classes to each other, while data properties allows defining geometrical parameters of elements not explicitly modelled in BIM, and the values to attribute to MQI parameters.

Several instances are proposed, namely to represent the standard types of masonry existing in the building code, their components and their mechanical properties. Finally, a set of SWRL rules allows the evaluation of the Masonry Quality Index and derived mechanical properties.

Cross-reference for Historic Masonry Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Historic Masonry Ontology.

Classes

Damage Areac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/dot#DamageArea

imported from https://w3id.org/dot ; used to describe damage in hmo:PatternEntities
is in range of
has damage area op

Homogenised Mechanical Propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HomogenisedMechanicalProperty

A mechanical property associated to an entire masonry wall, considering the assembly of units and joints.
has super-classes
property c
has sub-classes
Compressive Strength c, Masonry Quality Index c, Mass Density c, Shear Modulus c, Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c, Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c, Tensile Strength c, Young Modulus c
is in domain of
is homogenised mechanical property of op
is in range of
has homogenised mechanical property op
is disjoint with
Masonry Layer c, Masonry Quality Index c, Masonry Wall c, Pattern c, Pattern Entities c, Representative Volume Element c, Units c

Horizontal Jointsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HorizontalJoints

Horizontal spaces between masonry units. Can be either dry or made of mortar.
has super-classes
Joints c
has members
Continuous horizontal joints ni, Non continuous horizontal joints ni, Partially continuous horizontal joints ni
is disjoint with
Vertical Joints c

Jointsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#Joints

The configuration of the joints in the pattern.
has super-classes
Pattern Entities c
has sub-classes
Horizontal Joints c, Mortar Joints c, Vertical Joints c
is in domain of
are interface elements of op
is in range of
has interface elements op
has members
Dry joints ni
is disjoint with
Units c

Masonry Layerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryLayer

A layer of a masonry wall.
is in domain of
is layer of op
is in range of
has layer op, is located of op
is disjoint with
Homogenised Mechanical Property c, Masonry Quality Index c, Masonry Wall c, Pattern c, Pattern Entities c, Representative Volume Element c

Masonry Wallc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryWall

A load bearing wall made of structural masorny.
has super-classes
wall c
is in domain of
has Masonry Quality Index op, has layer op, has representative volume element op
is in range of
is homogenised mechanical property of op
is disjoint with
Homogenised Mechanical Property c, Masonry Layer c, Masonry Quality Index c, Pattern c, Pattern Entities c

Materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://bimerr.iot.linkeddata.es/def/material-properties#Material

imported from http://bimerr.iot.linkeddata.es/def/material-properties ; used to describe eterogeneous materials.
is equivalent to
Representative Volume Element c

Mortar Jointsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MortarJoints

Joints made of mortar.
has super-classes
Joints c
has members
Cement lime mortar joints ni, Earth mortar joints ni, Hydraulic lime mortar joints ni, Lime mortar joints ni, Roman cement mortar joints ni

Pattern Entitiesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#PatternEntities

A group of entities in a pattern which have the same function, geometry and material properties.
has sub-classes
Joints c, Units c
is in domain of
are dominant pattern entities of op, are sparse pattern entities of op, has damage area op
is in range of
has dominant pattern entities op, has sparse pattern entities op
is disjoint with
Homogenised Mechanical Property c, Masonry Layer c, Masonry Quality Index c, Masonry Wall c, Pattern c

Representative Volume Elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RepresentativeVolumeElement

In the context of global macro-models, a masonry area to which homogeneous mechanical characteristics can be attributed.
is in domain of
has homogenised mechanical property op, has pattern op
is in range of
has representative volume element op, is pattern of op
has members
Barely cut stone masonry ni, Brickwork ni, Hollow brick masonry ni, Irregular softstone masonry ni, Irregular stone masonry ni, Roughly Cut Stone Masonry ni, Squared Softstone Masonry ni, Squared hardstone masonry ni
is disjoint with
Homogenised Mechanical Property c, Masonry Layer c, Masonry Quality Index c, Pattern c

Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#ShearStrengthMC

Average shear strength according to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. It is used in the case of regular-textured masonry and corresponds to diagonal tensile failure at the joints level.
has super-classes
Homogenised Mechanical Property c
has members
Brickwork shear strength (Mohr Coulomb) ni, Hollow brick masonry shear strength (Mohr Coulomb) ni, Squared hardstone masonry shear strength ni, Squared softstone masonry shear strength ni
is disjoint with
Compressive Strength c, Mass Density c, Shear Modulus c, Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c, Tensile Strength c, Young Modulus c

Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#ShearStrengthTC

Average shear strength according to the Turnsek and Cacovic criterion. It is used in the case of irregular-textured masonry and corresponds to diagonal tensile failure at the masonry level.
has super-classes
Homogenised Mechanical Property c
has members
Brickwork shear strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) ni, Irregular softstone masonry shear strength ni, Irregular stone masonry shear strength ni, Roughly cut stone masonry shear strength ni, barely cut stone masonry shear strength ni
is disjoint with
Compressive Strength c, Mass Density c, Shear Modulus c, Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c, Tensile Strength c, Young Modulus c

Tensile Strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#TensileStrength

The average resistance of the homogenised material to breaking under tension.
has super-classes
Homogenised Mechanical Property c
is disjoint with
Compressive Strength c, Mass Density c, Shear Modulus c, Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c, Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c, Young Modulus c

Vertical Jointsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#VerticalJoints

Vertical spaces between masonry units. Can be either dry or made of mortar.
has super-classes
Joints c
has members
Partially staggered joints ni, Properly Staggered Joints ni, Vertically aligned joints ni
is disjoint with
Horizontal Joints c

Object Properties

are dominant pattern entities ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#areDominantPatternEntitiesOf

It determines when a pattern entity is 'dominant' in a pattern, i.e. when it has a distribution greater than 50% in the pattern.
has domain
Pattern Entities c
has range
Pattern c
is inverse of
has dominant pattern entities op

are interface elements ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#areInterfaceElementsOf

Defines the relationship between joints and units in a pattern.
has domain
Joints c
has range
Units c
is inverse of
has interface elements op

are sparse pattern entities ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#areSparsePatternEntitiesOf

It determines when a pattern entity is'sparse'in a pattern, i.e. when it has a distribution of less than 50 per cent in the pattern.
has domain
Pattern Entities c
has range
Pattern c
is inverse of
has sparse pattern entities op

has damage areaop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/dot/hasDamageArea

has domain
Pattern Entities c
has range
Damage Area c

has dominant pattern entitiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasDominantPatternEntities

Determines which pattern entities are dominant (more than 50%) in a pattern.
has domain
Pattern c
has range
Pattern Entities c
is inverse of
are dominant pattern entities of op

has homogenised mechanical propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasHomogenisedMechanicalProperty

Defines the relationship between a representative volume element and an homogenised mechanical property.
has domain
Representative Volume Element c
has range
Homogenised Mechanical Property c
is inverse of
is homogenised mechanical property of op

has interface elementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasInterfaceElements

Defines the relationship between units and joints in a pattern.
has domain
Units c
has range
Joints c
is inverse of
are interface elements of op

has layerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasMasonryLayer

Defines the relationship between a masonry wall and a masonry layer.
has domain
Masonry Wall c
has range
Masonry Layer c
is inverse of
is layer of op

has Masonry Quality Indexop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasMasonryQualityIndex

Defines the Masonry Quality Index associated with a wall
has domain
Masonry Wall c
has range
Masonry Quality Index c

has patternop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasPattern

Defines the relationship between a representative volume elements and a pattern.
has domain
Representative Volume Element c
has range
Pattern c
is inverse of
is pattern of op

has representative volume elementop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasRepresentativeVolumeElement

Defines the representative volume element of a wall
has domain
Masonry Wall c
has range
Representative Volume Element c

has sparse pattern entitiesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasSparsePatternEntities

Determines which pattern entities are sparse in a pattern.
has domain
Pattern c
has range
Pattern Entities c
is inverse of
are sparse pattern entities of op

is homogenised mechanical property ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#isHomogenisedMechanicalPropertyOf

Defines the relationship between an homogenised mechanical property and a masonry wall.
has domain
Homogenised Mechanical Property c
has range
Masonry Wall c
is inverse of
has homogenised mechanical property op

is layer ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#isMasonryLayerOf

Defines the relationship between a masonry wall and a masonry layer.
has domain
Masonry Layer c
has range
wall c
is inverse of
has layer op

is located ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#isLocatedIn

Defines the Masonry Layer where a pattern is located.
has domain
Pattern c
has range
Masonry Layer c

is pattern ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#isPatternOf

Used to define when one or more patterns are present in a Representative Volume Element.
has domain
Pattern c
has range
Representative Volume Element c
is inverse of
has pattern op

Data Properties

Bricks have volume percentagedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#bricksHaveVolumePercentage

In hollow bricks, it defines the percentage of volume, espressed in decimal (eg: 0.4 for 40%).
has domain
Units c
has range
decimal

Joint Thicknessdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#jointsThickness

Defines the thickness of the joints.
has domain
Units c
has range
float

Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loadsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQITotalInPlane

Defines the total value of MQI for in plane loads
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loadsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQITotalOutOfPlane

Defines the total value of MQI for out of plane loads
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loadsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQITotalVertical

Defines the total value of MQI for vertical loads
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Horizontal Jointsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIHorizontalJointsInPlane

Defines the adequacy of horizontal joints (based on level of horizontality/continuity), in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Mortar Qualitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIMortarQualityInPlane

Defines the adequacy of the mortar, in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Units Dimensionsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsDimensionsInPlane

Defines the adequacy of units size, in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Units Propertiesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsPropertiesInPlane

Defines the adequacy of mechanical properties of the units, in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Units Shapedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsShapeInPlane

Defines the adequacy of the units shape, in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Vertical Jointsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIVerticalJointsInPlane

Defines the adequacy of In plane joints (based on staggered properties), in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-In Plane-Wall Leaves Connectiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIWallLeavesConnectionsInPlane

Defines the adequacy of connections of the adjacent leaves in a wall, in the context of in plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Horizontal Jointsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIHorizontalJointsOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of horizontal joints (based on level of horizontality/continuity), in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Mortar Qualitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIMortarQualityOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of the mortar, in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Dimensionsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsDimensionsOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of units size, in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Propertiesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsPropertiesOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of mechanical properties of the units, in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shapedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsShapeOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of the units shape, in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Jointsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIVerticalJointsOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of Out of plane joints (based on staggered properties), in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Out Of Plane-Wall Leaves Connectiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIWallLeavesConnectionsOutOfPlane

Defines the adequacy of connections of the adjacent leaves in a wall, in the context of out of plane loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Horizontal Jointsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIHorizontalJointsVert

Defines the adequacy of horizontal joints (based on level of horizontality/continuity), in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Mortar Qualitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIMortarQualityVert

Defines the adequacy of the mortar, in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Units Dimensionsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsDimensionsVert

Defines the adequacy of units size, in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Units Propertiesdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsPropertiesVert

Defines the adequacy of mechanical properties of the units, in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Units Shapedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIUnitsShapeVert

Defines the adequacy of the units shape, in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Vertical Jointsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIVerticalJointsVert

Defines the adequacy of vertical joints (based on staggered properties), in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

MQI-Vertical-Wall Leaves Connectiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQIWallLeavesConnectionsVert

Defines the adequacy of connections of the adjacent leaves in a wall, in the context of vertical loading.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

Units Height Has Maximum Valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#unitsHeightHasMaximumValue

Defines the maximum value of the height of the units in the pattern.
has domain
Units c
has range
float

Units Height Has Minimum Valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#unitsHeigthHasMinimumValue

Defines the minimum value of the height of the units in the pattern.
has domain
Units c
has range
float

Units Length Has Maximum Valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#unitsLengthMaximumValue

Defines the maximum value of the length of the units in the pattern.
has domain
Units c
has range
float

Units Length Has Minimum Valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#unitsLengthHasMinimumValue

Defines the minimum value of the length of the units in the pattern.
has domain
Units c
has range
float

Named Individuals

Barely cut stone masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStoneMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "3.2"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Barely cut stone masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStoneMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "21.0"^^float
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Barely cut stone masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStoneMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "580.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

barely cut stone masonry shear strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStoneMasonryShearStrength

belongs to
Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c
has facts
has value dp "0.097"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Barely cut stone masonry young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStoneMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "1740.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Barely cut stone patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStonePattern

A type of pattern made of barely cut stones, properly dressed.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Barely cut stones
has dominant pattern entities op Continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Properly Staggered Joints

Barely cut stonesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BarelyCutStone

Barely cut stones.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Barely cut stone pattern

Bricksni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#Bricks

Solid clay bricks.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Bricks Pattern

Bricks Patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BricksPattern

A type of pattern made of bricks, properly dressed.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Bricks
has dominant pattern entities op Continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Lime mortar joints
has dominant pattern entities op Properly Staggered Joints

Brickwork compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BrickworkCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "3.4"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Brickwork mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BrickworkMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "18.0"^^float
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Brickwork shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BrickworkShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "500.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Brickwork shear strength (Mohr Coulomb)ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BrickworkShearStrengthMC

belongs to
Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c
has facts
has value dp "0.16"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Brickwork shear strength (Turnsek and Cacovic)ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BrickworkShearStrengthTC

belongs to
Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c
has facts
has value dp "0.114"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Brickwork young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#BrickworkYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "1500.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Cement lime mortar jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#CementLimeMortarJoints

belongs to
Mortar Joints c

Continuous horizontal jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#ContinuousHorizontalJoints

Horizontal joints that are continuous along the entire pattern.
belongs to
Horizontal Joints c

Dry jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#DryJoints

Dry joints, with no mortar.
belongs to
Joints c

Earth mortar jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#EarthMortarJoints

belongs to
Mortar Joints c

Headers bond unitsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HeadersBondUnits

Headers are units which are places has headers (shorter face) in the face of the wall.
belongs to
Units c

Hollow brick masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBrickMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "6.5"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Hollow brick masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBrickMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "15.0"^^float
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Hollow brick masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBrickMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "1138.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Hollow brick masonry shear strength (Mohr Coulomb)ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBrickMasonryShearStrengthMC

belongs to
Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c
has facts
has value dp "0.14"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Hollow brick masonry young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBrickMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "4550.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

hollow bricksni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBricks

belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op HollowBrick Pattern
Bricks have volume percentage dp "0.6"^^decimal

HollowBrick Patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HollowBrickPattern

Lightly perforated clay brick masonry pattern (volume of all holes ≤ 40%), with cement-lime mortar.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Cement lime mortar joints
has dominant pattern entities op Continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op hollow bricks
has dominant pattern entities op Properly Staggered Joints

Hydraulic lime mortar jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#HydraulicLimeMortarJoints

belongs to
Mortar Joints c

Irregular softstoneni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstone

Irregular stones made of soft stone, such as tuff or calcarenite.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Irregular softstone pattern

Irregular softstone masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstoneMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "1.8"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular softstone masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstoneMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "16"^^max inclusive
has value dp "13"^^min inclusive
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Irregular softstone masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstoneMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "360.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular softstone masonry shear strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstoneMasonryShearStrength

belongs to
Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c
has facts
has value dp "0.052"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular softstone masonry young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstoneMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "1080.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular softstone patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularSoftstonePattern

A type of pattern made of irregular softstones, properly dressed.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Irregular softstone
has dominant pattern entities op Non continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Partially staggered joints

Irregular stone masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularStoneMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "1.5"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular stone masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularStoneMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "19.0"^^float
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Irregular stone masonry shear Modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularStoneMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "290.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular stone masonry shear strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularStoneMasonryShearStrength

belongs to
Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c
has facts
has value dp "0.039"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular stone masonry young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularStoneMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "870.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Irregular Stone Patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#IrregularStonePattern

A type of pattern made of irregular stones such as pebbles, erratic and irregular stones.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Non continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Partially staggered joints
has dominant pattern entities op Rubble stones

Lime mortar jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#LimeMortarJoints

belongs to
Mortar Joints c

Non continuous horizontal jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#NotContinuousHorizontalJoints

Horizontal joints that are not continuous along the entire pattern.
belongs to
Horizontal Joints c

Partially continuous horizontal jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#PartiallyContinuousHorizontalJoints

Horizontal joints that are not continuous along the entire pattern, but just in some part of it.
belongs to
Horizontal Joints c

Partially staggered jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#PartiallyStaggeredJoints

Vertical joints that are partially misaligned in the pattern.
belongs to
Vertical Joints c

Pinning stonesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#PinningStones

Very little units improving the joints.
belongs to
Units c

Properly Staggered Jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#ProperlyStaggeredJoints

Vertical joints that are properly misaligned in the pattern.
belongs to
Vertical Joints c

Roman cement mortar jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RomanCementMortarJoints

belongs to
Mortar Joints c

Roughly cut stone masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStoneMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "2.5"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Roughly cut stone masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStoneMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "20.0"^^float
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Roughly cut stone masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStoneMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "410.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Roughly cut stone masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStoneMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "1230.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Roughly cut stone masonry shear strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStoneMasonryShearStrength

belongs to
Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c
has facts
has value dp "0.065"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Roughly cut stone patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStonePattern

A type of pattern made of roughly dressed stone masonry, with wythes of irregular thickness
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Partially continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Partially staggered joints
has dominant pattern entities op Roughly Cut Stones

Roughly Cut Stonesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RoughlyCutStone

Roughly cut stones of different thicknesses.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Roughly cut stone pattern

Rubble stonesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#RubbleStones

Irregular stones such as pebbles, erratic and irregular stones.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Irregular Stone Pattern

Squared hardstoneni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstone

Squared hard stones/ashlar.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Squared Hardstone Pattern

Squared hardstone masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstoneMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "7.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared hardstone masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstoneMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "22.0"^^float
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Squared hardstone masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstoneMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "860.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared hardstone masonry shear strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstoneMasonryShearStrength

belongs to
Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c
has facts
has value dp "0.22"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared hardstone masonry young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstoneMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "2800.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared Hardstone Patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredHardstonePattern

A type of pattern made of squared hardstones, properly dressed.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Non continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Properly Staggered Joints
has dominant pattern entities op Squared hardstone

Squared Softstoneni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstone

Squared soft stones such as tuff or calcarenite.
belongs to
Units c
has facts
are dominant pattern entities of op Squared softstone pattern

Squared softstone masonry compressive strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstoneMasonryCompressiveStrength

belongs to
Compressive Strength c
has facts
has value dp "2.6"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared softstone masonry mass densityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstoneMasonryMassDensity

belongs to
Mass Density c
has facts
has value dp "16"^^max inclusive
has value dp "13"^^min inclusive
is measured in dp kilogram per cubicmetre

Squared softstone masonry shear modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstoneMasonryShearModulus

belongs to
Shear Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "470.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared softstone masonry shear strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstoneMasonryShearStrength

belongs to
Shear Strength (Mohr Coulomb) c
has facts
has value dp "0.145"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared softstone masonry young modulusni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstoneMasonryYoungModulus

belongs to
Young Modulus c
has facts
has value dp "1410.0"^^float
is measured in dp megapascal

Squared softstone patternni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#SquaredSoftstonePattern

A type of pattern made of Squared Softstones, properly dressed.
belongs to
Pattern c
has facts
has dominant pattern entities op Non continuous horizontal joints
has dominant pattern entities op Partially staggered joints
has dominant pattern entities op Squared Softstone

Vertically aligned jointsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#VerticallyAlignedJoints

Vertical joints that are aligned in the pattern.
belongs to
Vertical Joints c

SWRL rules

CompressiveStrenghMQIback to ToC

Evaluation of the compressive strength MQI

Representative Volume Element c(?RpV) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?Rpv,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , Compressive Strength c(?C) , has homogenised mechanical property op(?RpV,?C) , multiply(?) , pow(?) , multiply(?) -> has value dp(?C,?Cs)

MQ_SS_SquaredHardStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘squared hardstone’, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘3’ for vertical loads, ‘2’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?SquaredHardstone) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"3"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_HJ_ContinuousHorizontalJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘continuous horizontal joints’, then the value of MQI Horizontal Joints is equal to ‘2’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?ContinuousHorizontalJoints) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_HJ_NotContinuousHorizontalJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘not continuous horizontal joints’, then the value of MQI Horizontal Joints is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0' for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?NotContinuousHorizontalJoints) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_HJ_PartiallyContinuousHorizontalJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘continuous horizontal joints’, then the value of MQI Horizontal Joints is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.5’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?PartiallyContinuousHorizontalJoints) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal)

MQI_InPlaneback to ToC

Evaluation of masonry quality index for in plane

Masonry Quality Index c(?MQIiP) , MQI-In Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?MQIiP,?HJiP) , MQI-In Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?MQIiP,?VJiP) , MQI-In Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?MQIiP,?MMiP) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?MQIiP,?SSiP) , MQI-In Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?MQIiP,?WCiP) , MQI-In Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?MQIiP,?SDiP) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?MQIiP,?SMiP) , add(?sum,?HJiP,?VJiP,?MMiP,?SSiP,?WCiP,?SDiP) , multiply(?mlt,?SMiP) -> Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp(?MQIiP,?mlt)

MQI_MM_EarthMortarJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities ‘earth mortar joints’, then the value of MQI Mortar Quality is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?EarthMortarJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_MM_HydraulicMortarback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities ‘hydraulic lime mortar’, then the value of MQI Mortar Quality is equal to ‘2’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?HydraulicLimeMortarJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_MM_LimeMortarback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities ‘lime mortar joints’, then the value of MQI Mortar Quality is equal to ‘0.5’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.5’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?LimeMortarJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal)

MQI_MM_RomanCementMortarback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities ‘roman cement mortar’, then the value of MQI Mortar Quality is equal to ‘2’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?RomanCementMortarJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_MM_RubbleStones_DryJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities ‘rubble stones’, and dominant pattern entities ‘dry joints’, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?RubbleStones) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?DryJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_MM_SS_RubbleStones_DryJoints_PinningStonesback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities ‘rubble stones’, and dominant pattern entities ‘dry joints’ and 'pinning stones', then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?RubbleStones) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?DryJoints) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?PinningStones) -> MQI-Vertical-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1.5"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_OutOfPlaneback to ToC

Evaluation of masonry quality index for the out of plane

Masonry Quality Index c(?MQIoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Horizontal Joints dp(?MQIoP,?HoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?MQIoP,?VJoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Mortar Quality dp(?MQIoP,?MMoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?MQIoP,?SSoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?MQIoP,?WCoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?MQIoP,?SDoP) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?MQIoP,?SMoP) , add(?sum,?HJoP,?VJoP,?MMoP,?SSoP,?WCoP,?SDoP) , multiply(?mlt,?SMoP) -> Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads dp(?MQIoP,?mlt)

MQI_SD_PresenceOfLargeUnitsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that are ‘units’, and the average length of the units is greater or equal than ‘40’, then the value of MQI Unit Dimensions is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?unt) , Units Length Has Minimum Value dp(?unt,?minVal) , Units Length Has Minimum Value dp(?unt,?maxVal) , add(?sum,?minVal,?maxVal) , divide(?avg,?minVal,?maxVal) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_SD_PresenceOfLittleUnitsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that are ‘units’, and the average length of the units is less than ‘20’, then the value of MQI Unit Dimensions is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?unt) , Units Length Has Minimum Value dp(?unt,?minVal) , Units Length Has Minimum Value dp(?unt,?maxVal) , add(?sum,?minVal,?maxVal) , divide(?avg,?minVal,?maxVal) , lessThan(?) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_SD_PresenceOfMediumUnitsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that are ‘units’, and the average length of the units is greater or equal than ‘20’ and less than ‘40’, then the value of MQI Unit Dimensions is equal to ‘0.5’ for vertical loads, ‘0.5’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.5’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?unt) , Units Length Has Minimum Value dp(?unt,?minVal) , Units Length Has Minimum Value dp(?unt,?maxVal) , add(?sum,?minVal,?maxVal) , divide(?avg,?minVal,?maxVal) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) , lessThan(?) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Units Dimensions dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal)

MQI_SM_Bricksback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities that are ‘bricks’ units, then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?Bricks) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_SM_Damageback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities (units) that have a damaged area then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘0.3’ for vertical loads, ‘0.5’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.3’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?unt) , has damage area op(?unt,?dmg) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.3"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.3"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal)

MQI_SM_HollowBricks_LessEqualThan55_GreaterEqualThan30back to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities (hollow bricks) that have a pergentage of volume equal or greater than 30% and less or equal than 55 % then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘0.7’ for vertical loads, ‘0.7’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.7’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?brk) , Bricks have volume percentage dp(?brk,?vlm) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) , lessThanOrEqual(?) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.7"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.7"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.7"^^decimal)

MQI_SM_HollowBricks_LessThan30back to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities (hollow bricks) that have a pergentage of volume less than 30% then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘0.3’ for vertical loads, ‘0.5’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.3’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?brk) , Bricks have volume percentage dp(?brk,?vlm) , lessThan(?) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.3"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.3"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal)

MQI_SM_HollowBricks_MoreThan55back to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities (hollow bricks) that have a percentage of volume equal or greater than 55 % then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?brk) , Bricks have volume percentage dp(?brk,?vlm) , greaterThan(?) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_SM_IrregularSoftStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities that are ‘irregular softstone’ units, then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘0.7’ for vertical loads, ‘0.7’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.7’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?IrregularSoftstone) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.7"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.7"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"0.7"^^decimal)

MQI_SM_SquaredHardStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has dominant pattern entities that are ‘squared hardstone’ units, then the value of MQI Unit Properties is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?SquaredHardstone) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Properties dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_SS_BarelyCutStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘barely cut stones, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘3’ for vertical loads, ‘2’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?BarelyCutStone) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"3"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_SS_Bricksback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘bricks’, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘3’ for vertical loads, ‘2’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?Bricks) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"3"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_SS_HollowBricksback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘hollow bricks’, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘3’ for vertical loads, ‘2’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?HollowBricks) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"3"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_SS_IrregularSoftstonesback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘roughly cut stones, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘1.5’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?IrregularSoftstone) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1.5"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_SS_RoughlyCutStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘roughly cut stones, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘1.5’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?RoughlyCutStone) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1.5"^^decimal) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_SS_RubbleStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘rubble stones, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?RubbleStones) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_SS_SquaredSoftStoneback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘squared soft stones’, then the value of MQI Unit Shape is equal to ‘3’ for vertical loads, ‘2’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?SquaredSoftstone) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?wl,"3"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Units Shape dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_Verticalback to ToC

Evaluation of masonry quality index for vertical

Masonry Quality Index c(?MQIv) , MQI-Vertical-Horizontal Joints dp(?MQIv,?HJv) , MQI-Vertical-Vertical Joints dp(?MQIv,?VJv) , MQI-Vertical-Mortar Quality dp(?MQIv,?MMv) , MQI-Vertical-Units Shape dp(?MQIv,?SSv) , MQI-Vertical-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?MQIv,?WCv) , MQI-Vertical-Units Dimensions dp(?MQIv,?SDv) , MQI-Vertical-Units Properties dp(?MQIv,?SMv) , add(?sum,?HJv,?VJv,?MMv,?SSv,?WCv,?SDv) , multiply(?mlt,?SMv) -> Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp(?MQIv,?mlt)

MQI_VJ_PartiallyStaggeredJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that are ‘propertly staggered units’, then the value of MQI vertical joints is equal to ‘0.5’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘0.5’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?PartiallyStaggeredJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0.5"^^decimal)

MQI_VJ_ProperlyStaggeredJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that are ‘propertly staggered units’, then the value of MQI vertical joints is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?ProperlyStaggeredJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"2"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

MQI_VJ_VerticallyAlignedJointsback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that are ‘vertically aligned units’, then the value of MQI vertical joints is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?VerticallyAlignedJoints) -> MQI-Vertical-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Vertical Joints dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_WC_FrequentHeadersback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a dominant pattern entity that is ‘headers bond units, then the value of MQI Wall Connections is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘3’ for out of plane loads and ‘2’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?HeadersBondUnits) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"3"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"2"^^integer)

MQI_WC_RubbleStonesback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a homogeneous pattern entity that is ‘rubble stones, then the value of MQI wall leaves connections is equal to ‘0’ for vertical loads, ‘0’ for out of plane loads and ‘0’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has dominant pattern entities op(?Pttr,?RubbleStones) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"0"^^integer) , MQI-In Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"0"^^integer)

MQI_WC_SparseHeadersback to ToC

If a wall has a representative volume element which has a pattern which has a sparse pattern entity that is ‘headers bond units, then the value of MQI Wall Connections is equal to ‘1’ for vertical loads, ‘1.5’ for out of plane loads and ‘1’ for in plane loads.

has representative volume element op(?wl,?RpV) , has pattern op(?RpV,?Pttr) , has sparse pattern entities op(?Pttr,?HeadersBondUnits) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) -> MQI-Vertical-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"1"^^integer) , MQI-Out Of Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"1.5"^^decimal) , MQI-In Plane-Wall Leaves Connection dp(?wl,"1"^^integer)

ShearModulusMQIback to ToC

Evaluation of the shear modulus from MQI

Representative Volume Element c(?RpV) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?Rpv,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIi) , Shear Modulus c(?S) , has homogenised mechanical property op(?RpV,?S) , multiply(?) , pow(?) , multiply(?) -> has value dp(?S,?SM)

ShearStrengthMQIback to ToC

Evaluation of the shear strength from MQI

Representative Volume Element c(?RpV) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?Rpv,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIi) , Shear Strength (Turnsek and Cacovic) c(?Sst) , has homogenised mechanical property op(?RpV,?Sst) , pow(?) , multiply(?) , multiply(?) , add(?) -> has value dp(?Sst,?S)

YoungModulusMQIback to ToC

Evaluation of the young modulus from MQI

Representative Volume Element c(?RpV) , has Masonry Quality Index op(?Rpv,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , Young Modulus c(?Y) , has homogenised mechanical property op(?RpV,?Y) , multiply(?) , pow(?) , multiply(?) -> has value dp(?Y,?YM)

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals
References

References

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.