Maria Laura Leonardi, Stefano Cursi, Elena Gigliarelli, José Granja, Daniel Oliveira, Miguel Azenha.
An ontology to represent the failure mechanism of unreinforced masonry structures
Failure Mechanism Ontology
It indicates the relationship between a damage and the failure mechanism that causes it.
imported from https://w3id.org/dot ; used to describe damage hmo:MasonryWall, and understand its corration with possible ongoing mechanisms
Indicates the relationship between a failure mechanism and the vulnerability that facilitates it.
A relationship between a vulneability and the specific mechanism that it facilitates.
Indicates the relationship between the masonry wall and its load response behaviour.
It relates the masonry wall with the inferred occurred mechanism.
Relates the masonry wall to the vulnerability that characterised them.
Has Vulnerability
Imported from the https://w3id.org/hmo ontology, it relates a masonry wall to the value of the masonry quality index.
Defines the total value of MQI for in plane loads. Imported from https://w3id.org/hmo.
Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads
Defines the total value of MQI for out of plane loads. Imported from https://w3id.org/hmo.
Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads
Defines the total value of MQI for vertical loads. Imported from https://w3id.org/hmo.
Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads
Class imported from https://pi.pauwel.be/voc/buildingelement ontology, to map an IFC wall with a masonry wall, in the ontology-BIM model.
Imported from https://w3id.org/dot.Indicates damage in a hmo:MasonryWall. In the context of failure mechanisms, it helps to understand when a mechanism is present in a wall.
Structural Damage
A type of damage, which is modelled as a specific subclass of https://w3id.org/dot#StructuralDamage. It may indicate the presence of an ongoing mechanism.
Indicates the collapse mechanism expected from a specific hmo:MasonryWall.
Failure Mechanism
Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to a in plane load.
In Plane Behaviour.
Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to an out of plane load.
Out Of Plane Behaviour
Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to a specific vertical load.
Vertical Behaviour
It indicates a feature of the wall that can facilitate the occurrence of a mechanism.
Vulnerability
Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to a specific load.
Wall Behaviour
Class imported from the https://w3id.org/hmo# ontology, to define vertical, in plane and out of plane behaviour of the assessed wall.
Masonry Quality Index
imported from https://w3id.org/hmo, to apply the vulnerability - behaviour - failure mechanism to a hmo:MasonryWall
Masonry Wall
A vulnerability that consists in the absence of chains in the intermediate floors of the slabs supported by the wall.
Absence of intermediate chains
A vulnerability that consists in the absence of curbstones in the intermediate floors of the slabs supported by the wall.
A vulnerability that consists in the absence of chains in the roof supported by the wall.
Absence of Top Chains
A vulnerability that consists in the absence of curbstone in the roof supported by the wall.
It indicates a type of behaviour that is within the average range of how masonry walls behave when subjected to in plane load.
Average in plane behaviour
It indicates a type of behaviour (based on the values of https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex) that is within the average range of how masonry walls behave when subjected to a out of plane load.
Average out of plane behaviour
It indicates a type of behaviour that is within the average range (based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex) of how masonry walls behave when subjected to a vertical load.
Average Vertical Behaviour
A vulnerability consisting of the presence of deformable slabs supported by the wall.
Deformable Floors
Diagonal and vertical cracks in the same wall.
Crack with diagonal progression.
A specific vulnerability consisting of excessive slenderness of the wall.
Excessive slenderness
A type of (in plane) wall behaviour that is considered good based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
Good in plane behaviour
A type of (out of plane) wall behaviour that is considered good based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
Good Out Of Plane Behaviour
The vertical wall behaviour that is considered good based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
Good vertical behaviour
Vertical and horizontal cracks in the same wall.
A specific mechanism manifested by the expulsion of material from the top zone of the wall and the detachment of wedge-shaped bodies accompanied by the formation of oblique and vertical cylindrical hinges due to out-of-plane actions.
Horizontal Bending
A specific mechanism that do not involve out of plane overturning, but in plane craking/failure.
In Plane Failure
A type of (in plane) wall behaviour that is considered inadequate based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
Inadequate in plane behaviour
A type of (out of plane) wall behaviour that is considered inadequate based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
Inadequate out of plane behaviour
A type of (vertical) wall behaviour that is considered inadequate based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
Inadequate Vertical Behaviour
Openings near intersections
A specific mechanism consisting of the total rotation of part of a wall out of the plane.
Partial Overturn
A specific vulnerability in the wall consists in the presence of thrusting elements, which facilitate out-of-plane movement.
Presence of horizontal thrust
A specific mechanism consisting of the total rotation of the entire wall out of the plane.
Total Overturn
A specific mechanism manifested with the formation a horizontal cylindrical hinge that divides the wall into two blocks and is described by the mutual rotation of the same around this axis by out-of-plane actions.
Vertical Bending
A vertical crack occurring at the intersection between walls.
Wall of the facade in the isolate A, units 417, side a. Castelnuovo di Porto
Wall Facade A417_a
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total In Plane Value less or equal than 10 and greater than 5, than the Masonry Wall has an good in plane behaviour
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total vertical value less or equal than 10 and greater than 5, than the Masonry Wall has a good vertical behaviour
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total Vertical value less or equal than 5 and greater than 2.5, than the Masonry Wall has an average vertical behaviour
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total vertical value less or equal than 2.5 and greater or equal than 0, than the Masonry Wall has an inadequate vertical behaviour
If a wall has a damage, and the damage is caused by a specific mechanism, than the wall has a ongoing mechanism
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate chains’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn'.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate chains' and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone', then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate curbstone’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains', then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn.
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total in plane value less or equal than 3 and greater or equal than 0, than the Masonry Wall has an inadequate In plane behaviour
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate curbstone’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘partial overturn.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘partial overturn.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘excessive slenderness’ and a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains’ and a vulnerability that is ‘presence of horizontal thrusts’ and a behaviour that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘horizontal bending’.
Horizontal bending - absence of top chains
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘excessive slenderness’ and a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone’ and a vulnerability that is ‘presence of horizontal thrusts’ and a behaviour that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘horizontal bending’.
Horizontal bending - absence of top curbstone
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘excessive slenderness’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘presence of horizontal thrusts’, and has a vulnerability that is ‘deformable floor, and it has a behaviour that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘vertical bending’.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate in plane behaviour’, then it has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate in plane behaviour’.
Inadequate in plane behaviour vulnerability
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate in plane behaviour’, than it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘in plane failure’.
If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘out of plane failure’.
Inadequate Out Of Plane Behaviour Vulnerability
If a masonry wall has a behaviour that is ‘inadequate vertical behaviour’, then it has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate vertical behaviour’.
Inadequate Vertical Behaviour Vulnerability
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total In Plane Value less or equal than 5 and greater than 3, than the Masonry Wall has an average in Plane behaviour
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total out of plane value less or equal than 10 and greater than 7, than the Masonry Wall has an good out of plane behaviour
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total out of plane value less or equal than 4 and greater or equal than 0, than the Masonry Wall has an inadequate out of plane behaviour
If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total Out Of Plane Value less or equal than 7 and greater than 4, than the Masonry Wall has an average out of Plane behaviour