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Failure Mechanism Ontology

Modified on: 2024-04-29
Latest version:
https://w3id.org/fmo
Revision:
0.1
Issued on:
2024-04-29
Authors:
Maria Laura Leonardi, Stefano Cursi, Elena Gigliarelli, José Granja, Daniel Oliveira, Miguel Azenha.
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License:
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Cite as:
Maria Laura Leonardi, Stefano Cursi, Elena Gigliarelli, José Granja, Daniel Oliveira, Miguel Azenha.. Failure Mechanism Ontology. Revision: 0.1.
Ontology Specification Draft
Document

Abstract

The primary objective of the Failure Mechanism Ontology (FMO) is to represent masonry walls taking into account features and vulnerabilities that leads to a specific type of failure mechanism. This ontology is complementary to the Historic Masonry Ontology (HMO), of which represents an extension. The recommended prefix for this ontology is FMO, and its proposed namespace is https://w3id.org/fmo#. By utilizing the FMO ontology, it becomes possible to determine whether the structure is more susceptible to out-of-plane collapse or if in-plane failures are more likely. The scope is to facilitate the definition of the modeling assmptions, while employing global models for the structural analysis of unreinforced masonry constructions.
Document

Introduction

Existing unreinforced masonry structures have proven to be particularly vulnerable to seismic events. In particular, two distinct types of failure have been identified: fracture failure within the plane of the masonry elements, and out-of-plane collapse. The use of global models is the method that allows for a detailed analysis of the seismic response of this type of structure. When defining the modeling assumptions for the structural analysis of these structures, it is necessary to consider the types of failure that are expected, as not all types of analytical models are able to consider both types of failure. Specific types of failure are caused by characteristics of the masonry type under consideration, which are due to the characteristics of adjacent elements. These characteristics are the 'vulnerabilities' of the walls. For example, poor masonry quality can lead to the disintegration of the wall itself, while the presence of pushing elements can cause the wall or part of it to rotate out of plane. An analysis of the vulnerabilities of the structures under consideration, as well as of the damage scenario, allows for an initial analysis of the possible damage mechanisms, in order to choose the correct modeling assumptions.

Failure Mechanism Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

SWRL Rules

Document

Description

In the FMO ontology, the features of a wall that can lead to a specific mechanism are modeled as individuals of the class fmo:Vulnerability. The failure mechanisms are modeled as individuals of the class fmo:FailureMechanism. These two classes are intended to be related to the class hmo:MasonryWall,, throught the object properties fmo:hasVulnerability and fmo:hasOccurringFailureMechanism. The fmo:FailureMechanism are also related to the class dot:Damage, since, in this context, specific damages are considered as a cause of an ongoing mechanism. Finally, the class fmo:Behaviour, define whether if the behaviour of a wall is good, bad or average based on the definition of the hmo:MasonryQualityIndex. This allows the identification of three specific vulnerability, which are fmo:InadequateInPlaneBehaviour, fmo:InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour, fmo:InadequateVerticalBehaviour.

Cross-reference for Failure Mechanism Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Failure Mechanism Ontology.

Classes

Crackc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#Crack

A type of damage, which is modelled as a specific subclass of https://w3id.org/dot#StructuralDamage. It may indicate the presence of an ongoing mechanism.
has super-classes
Structural Damage c
has members
Diagonal and vertical cracks ni, Diagonal crack ni, Horizontal and vertical cracks ni, Vertical crack near intersection ni

Failure Mechanismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#FailureMechanism

Indicates the collapse mechanism expected from a specific hmo:MasonryWall.
is in domain of
Facilitated by op
is in range of
Facilitates op, Has causation op, Has occurring mechanism op
has members
Horizontal Bending ni, In Plane Failure ni, Partial Overturn ni, Total Overturn ni, Vertical Bending ni
is disjoint with
Vulnerability c, Wall Behaviour c

In Plane Behaviour.c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#InPlaneBehaviour

Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to a in plane load.
has super-classes
Wall Behaviour c
has members
Average in plane behaviour ni, Good in plane behaviour ni, Inadequate in plane behaviour ni

Masonry Quality Indexc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex

Class imported from the https://w3id.org/hmo# ontology, to define vertical, in plane and out of plane behaviour of the assessed wall.
is in domain of
Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp, Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads dp, Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp
is in range of
Has Masonry Quality Index op
has members
m q i wall facade a417 a ni

Masonry Wallc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryWall

imported from https://w3id.org/hmo, to apply the vulnerability - behaviour - failure mechanism to a hmo:MasonryWall
has super-classes
Wall c
is in domain of
Has Masonry Quality Index op, Has Vulnerability op, Has behaviour op, Has damage op, Has occurring mechanism op
has members
Wall Facade A417_a ni

Out Of Plane Behaviourc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#OutOfPlaneBehaviour

Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to an out of plane load.
has super-classes
Wall Behaviour c
has members
Average out of plane behaviour ni, Good Out Of Plane Behaviour ni, Inadequate out of plane behaviour ni

Structural Damagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/dot#StructuralDamage

Imported from https://w3id.org/dot.Indicates damage in a hmo:MasonryWall. In the context of failure mechanisms, it helps to understand when a mechanism is present in a wall.
has sub-classes
Crack c
is in domain of
Has causation op
is in range of
Has damage op
has members
Diagonal and vertical cracks ni, Diagonal crack ni, Horizontal and vertical cracks ni, Vertical crack near intersection ni

Vertical Behaviourc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#VerticalBehaviour

Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to a specific vertical load.
has super-classes
Wall Behaviour c
has members
Average Vertical Behaviour ni, Good vertical behaviour ni, Inadequate Vertical Behaviour ni

Vulnerabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#Vulnerability

It indicates a feature of the wall that can facilitate the occurrence of a mechanism.
is in domain of
Facilitates op
is in range of
Facilitated by op, Has Vulnerability op
has members
A specific vulnerability consisting of excessive slenderness of the wall. ni, Absence of Top Chains ni, Absence of Top Curbstone ni, Absence of intermediate chains ni, Absence of intermediate curbstone ni, Deformable Floors ni, Inadequate Vertical Behaviour ni, Inadequate in plane behaviour ni, Inadequate out of plane behaviour ni, Openings near intersections ni, Presence of horizontal thrust ni
is disjoint with
Failure Mechanism c

Wallc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://pi.pauwel.be/voc/buildingelement#Wall

Class imported from https://pi.pauwel.be/voc/buildingelement ontology, to map an IFC wall with a masonry wall, in the ontology-BIM model.
has sub-classes
Masonry Wall c
is in domain of
Has Masonry Quality Index op, Has Vulnerability op, Has behaviour op, Has damage op, Has occurring mechanism op
has members
Wall Facade A417_a ni

Wall Behaviourc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#WallBehaviour

Indicates the behaviour of a wall subjected to a specific load.
has sub-classes
In Plane Behaviour. c, Out Of Plane Behaviour c, Vertical Behaviour c
is in range of
Has behaviour op
has members
Average Vertical Behaviour ni, Average in plane behaviour ni, Average out of plane behaviour ni, Good Out Of Plane Behaviour ni, Good in plane behaviour ni, Good vertical behaviour ni, Inadequate Vertical Behaviour ni, Inadequate in plane behaviour ni, Inadequate out of plane behaviour ni
is disjoint with
Failure Mechanism c

Object Properties

Facilitated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#FacilitatedBy

Indicates the relationship between a failure mechanism and the vulnerability that facilitates it.
has domain
Failure Mechanism c
has range
Vulnerability c

Facilitatesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#FacilitatesMechanism

A relationship between a vulneability and the specific mechanism that it facilitates.
has domain
Vulnerability c
has range
Failure Mechanism c

Has behaviourop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#hasBehaviour

Indicates the relationship between the masonry wall and its load response behaviour.
has domain
Wall c
Masonry Wall c
has range
Wall Behaviour c

Has causationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/dot#hasCausation

It indicates the relationship between a damage and the failure mechanism that causes it.
has domain
Structural Damage c
has range
Failure Mechanism c

Has damageop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/dot#hasDamage

imported from https://w3id.org/dot ; used to describe damage hmo:MasonryWall, and understand its corration with possible ongoing mechanisms
has domain
Wall c
Masonry Wall c
has range
Structural Damage c

Has Masonry Quality Indexop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#hasMasonryQualityIndex

Imported from the https://w3id.org/hmo ontology, it relates a masonry wall to the value of the masonry quality index.
has domain
Wall c
Masonry Wall c
has range
Masonry Quality Index c

Has occurring mechanismop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#hasOccurringMechanism

It relates the masonry wall with the inferred occurred mechanism.
has domain
Wall c
Masonry Wall c
has range
Failure Mechanism c

Has Vulnerabilityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#hasVulnerability

Relates the masonry wall to the vulnerability that characterised them.
has domain
Wall c
Masonry Wall c
has range
Vulnerability c

Data Properties

Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loadsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQITotalInPlane

Defines the total value of MQI for in plane loads. Imported from https://w3id.org/hmo.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loadsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQITotalOutOfPlane

Defines the total value of MQI for out of plane loads. Imported from https://w3id.org/hmo.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loadsdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/hmo#MQITotalVertical

Defines the total value of MQI for vertical loads. Imported from https://w3id.org/hmo.
has domain
Masonry Quality Index c
has range
float

Named Individuals

A specific vulnerability consisting of excessive slenderness of the wall.ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#ExcessiveSlenderness

belongs to
Vulnerability c

Absence of intermediate chainsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AbsenceOfIntermediateChains

A vulnerability that consists in the absence of chains in the intermediate floors of the slabs supported by the wall.
belongs to
Vulnerability c

Absence of intermediate curbstoneni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AbsenceOfIntermediateCurbstone

A vulnerability that consists in the absence of curbstones in the intermediate floors of the slabs supported by the wall.
belongs to
Vulnerability c

Absence of Top Chainsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AbsenceOfTopChains

A vulnerability that consists in the absence of chains in the roof supported by the wall.
belongs to
Vulnerability c

Absence of Top Curbstoneni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AbsenceOfTopCurbstone

A vulnerability that consists in the absence of curbstone in the roof supported by the wall.
belongs to
Vulnerability c

Average in plane behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AverageInPlaneBehaviour

It indicates a type of behaviour that is within the average range of how masonry walls behave when subjected to in plane load.
belongs to
In Plane Behaviour. c
Wall Behaviour c

Average out of plane behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AverageOutOfPlaneBehaviour

It indicates a type of behaviour (based on the values of https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex) that is within the average range of how masonry walls behave when subjected to a out of plane load.
belongs to
Out Of Plane Behaviour c
Wall Behaviour c

Average Vertical Behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#AverageVerticalBehaviour

It indicates a type of behaviour that is within the average range (based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex) of how masonry walls behave when subjected to a vertical load.
belongs to
Vertical Behaviour c
Wall Behaviour c

Deformable Floorsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#DeformableFloors

A vulnerability consisting of the presence of deformable slabs supported by the wall.
belongs to
Vulnerability c

Diagonal and vertical cracksni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#DiagonalAndVerticalCracks

Diagonal and vertical cracks in the same wall.
belongs to
Structural Damage c
Crack c
has facts
Has causation op Horizontal Bending

Diagonal crackni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#DiagonalCrack

Crack with diagonal progression.
belongs to
Structural Damage c
Crack c
has facts
Has causation op In Plane Failure

Good in plane behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#GoodInPlaneBehaviour

A type of (in plane) wall behaviour that is considered good based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
belongs to
In Plane Behaviour. c
Wall Behaviour c

Good Out Of Plane Behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#GoodOutOfPlaneBehaviour

A type of (out of plane) wall behaviour that is considered good based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
belongs to
Out Of Plane Behaviour c
Wall Behaviour c

Good vertical behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#GoodVerticalBehaviour

The vertical wall behaviour that is considered good based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
belongs to
Vertical Behaviour c
Wall Behaviour c

Horizontal and vertical cracksni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#HorizontalAndVerticalCracks

Vertical and horizontal cracks in the same wall.
belongs to
Structural Damage c
Crack c
has facts
Has causation op Vertical Bending

Horizontal Bendingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#HorizontalBending

A specific mechanism manifested by the expulsion of material from the top zone of the wall and the detachment of wedge-shaped bodies accompanied by the formation of oblique and vertical cylindrical hinges due to out-of-plane actions.
belongs to
Failure Mechanism c

In Plane Failureni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#InPlaneFailure

A specific mechanism that do not involve out of plane overturning, but in plane craking/failure.
belongs to
Failure Mechanism c

Inadequate in plane behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#InadequateInPlaneBehaviour

A type of (in plane) wall behaviour that is considered inadequate based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
belongs to
In Plane Behaviour. c
Vulnerability c
Wall Behaviour c

Inadequate out of plane behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour

A type of (out of plane) wall behaviour that is considered inadequate based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
belongs to
Out Of Plane Behaviour c
Vulnerability c
Wall Behaviour c

Inadequate Vertical Behaviourni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#InadequateVerticalBehaviour

A type of (vertical) wall behaviour that is considered inadequate based on the values assigned to https://w3id.org/hmo#MasonryQualityIndex.
belongs to
Vertical Behaviour c
Vulnerability c
Wall Behaviour c

m q i wall facade a417 ani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#MQIWallFacadeA417_a

belongs to
Masonry Quality Index c
has facts
Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp "4.55"^^decimal
Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp "4.90"^^decimal
Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads dp "3.15"^^decimal

Openings near intersectionsni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#OpeningsNearIntersections

belongs to
Vulnerability c

Partial Overturnni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#PartialOverturn

A specific mechanism consisting of the total rotation of part of a wall out of the plane.
belongs to
Failure Mechanism c

Presence of horizontal thrustni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#PresenceOfHorizontalThrust

A specific vulnerability in the wall consists in the presence of thrusting elements, which facilitate out-of-plane movement.
belongs to
Vulnerability c

Total Overturnni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#TotalOverturn

A specific mechanism consisting of the total rotation of the entire wall out of the plane.
belongs to
Failure Mechanism c

Vertical Bendingni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#VerticalBending

A specific mechanism manifested with the formation a horizontal cylindrical hinge that divides the wall into two blocks and is described by the mutual rotation of the same around this axis by out-of-plane actions.
belongs to
Failure Mechanism c

Vertical crack near intersectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#VerticalCrackEntireWallAtIntersection

A vertical crack occurring at the intersection between walls.
belongs to
Structural Damage c
Crack c
has facts
Has causation op Total Overturn

Wall Facade A417_ani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/fmo#WallFacadeA417_a

Wall of the facade in the isolate A, units 417, side a. Castelnuovo di Porto
belongs to
Wall c
Masonry Wall c
has facts
Has damage op Vertical crack near intersection
Has behaviour op Average in plane behaviour
Has behaviour op Inadequate out of plane behaviour
Has occurring mechanism op Total Overturn
Has Vulnerability op Inadequate out of plane behaviour
Has Masonry Quality Index op m q i wall facade a417 a

SWRL rules

Average in plane behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total In Plane Value less or equal than 5 and greater than 3, than the Masonry Wall has an average in Plane behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThan(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?AverageInPlaneBehaviour)

Average out of plane behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total Out Of Plane Value less or equal than 7 and greater than 4, than the Masonry Wall has an average out of Plane behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThan(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?AverageOutOfPlaneBehaviour)

Average vertical Behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total Vertical value less or equal than 5 and greater than 2.5, than the Masonry Wall has an average vertical behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?AverageVerticalBehaviour)

Good in plane behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total In Plane Value less or equal than 10 and greater than 5, than the Masonry Wall has an good in plane behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThan(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?GoodInPlaneBehaviour)

Good out of plane behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total out of plane value less or equal than 10 and greater than 7, than the Masonry Wall has an good out of plane behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThan(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?GoodOutOfPlaneBehaviour)

Good vertical behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total vertical value less or equal than 10 and greater than 5, than the Masonry Wall has a good vertical behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThan(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?GoodVerticalBehaviour)

Horizontal bending - absence of top chainsback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘excessive slenderness’ and a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains’ and a vulnerability that is ‘presence of horizontal thrusts’ and a behaviour that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘horizontal bending’.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?ExcessiveSlenderness) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopChains) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?PresenceOfHorizontalThrust) , Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?HorizontalBending)

Horizontal bending - absence of top curbstoneback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘excessive slenderness’ and a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone’ and a vulnerability that is ‘presence of horizontal thrusts’ and a behaviour that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘horizontal bending’.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?ExcessiveSlenderness) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopCurbstone) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?PresenceOfHorizontalThrust) , Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?HorizontalBending)

In plane failureback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate in plane behaviour’, than it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘in plane failure’.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?InadequateInPlaneBehaviour) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?InPlaneFailure)

Inadequate in plane behaviorback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total in plane value less or equal than 3 and greater or equal than 0, than the Masonry Wall has an inadequate In plane behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for in plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateInPlaneBehaviour)

Inadequate in plane behaviour vulnerabilityback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate in plane behaviour’, then it has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate in plane behaviour’.

Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateInPlaneBehaviour) -> Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?InadequateInPlaneBehaviour)

Inadequate out of plane behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total out of plane value less or equal than 4 and greater or equal than 0, than the Masonry Wall has an inadequate out of plane behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for out of plane loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour)

Inadequate Out Of Plane Behaviour Vulnerabilityback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘out of plane failure’.

Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour) -> Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour)

Inadequate vertical behaviourback to ToC

If a Masonry Wall has a Masonry Quality Index, which has a Masonry Quality Index Total vertical value less or equal than 2.5 and greater or equal than 0, than the Masonry Wall has an inadequate vertical behaviour

Masonry Wall c(?wl) , Has Masonry Quality Index op(?wl,?MQI) , Masonry Quality Index total value for vertical loads dp(?MQI,?MQIv) , lessThanOrEqual(?) , greaterThanOrEqual(?) -> Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateVerticalBehaviour)

Inadequate Vertical Behaviour Vulnerabilityback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a behaviour that is ‘inadequate vertical behaviour’, then it has a vulnerability that is ‘inadequate vertical behaviour’.

Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateVerticalBehaviour) -> Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?InadequateVerticalBehaviour)

Mechanism and damageback to ToC

If a wall has a damage, and the damage is caused by a specific mechanism, than the wall has a ongoing mechanism

Has damage op(?wl,?dmg) , Has causation op(?dmg,?mcn) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?mcn)

Partial overturn - chainsback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘partial overturn.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopChains) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?PartialOverturn)

Partial overturn - curbstoneback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘partial overturn.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopCurbstone) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?PartialOverturn)

Total overtun - chainsback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate chains’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn'.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfIntermediateChains) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopChains) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?TotalOverturn)

Total overturn - curbstoneback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate curbstone’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfIntermediateCurbstone) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopCurbstone) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?TotalOverturn)

Total overturn - curstone -chainback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate curbstone’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top chains', then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfIntermediateCurbstone) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopChains) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?TotalOverturn)

Total overturn chain - curbstonback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of intermediate chains' and has a vulnerability that is ‘absence of top curbstone', then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘total overturn.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfIntermediateChains) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?AbsenceOfTopCurbstone) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?TotalOverturn)

Vertical bendingback to ToC

If a masonry wall has a vulnerability that is ‘excessive slenderness’ and has a vulnerability that is ‘presence of horizontal thrusts’, and has a vulnerability that is ‘deformable floor, and it has a behaviour that is ‘inadequate out of plane behaviour’, then it has an occurring mechanism that is ‘vertical bending’.

Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?ExcessiveSlenderness) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?PresenceOfHorizontalThrust) , Has Vulnerability op(?wl,?DeformableFloors) , Has behaviour op(?wl,?InadequateOutOfPlaneBehaviour) -> Has occurring mechanism op(?wl,?VerticalBending)

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals
Document

References

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.